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Study Notes: Social Studies (Class VI to Intermediate)
GEOGRAPHY
General Geography and Earth Systems
Definition and Scope of Geography: An integrating discipline connecting physical, biological, and social sciences with spatial dimensions
Solar System:
Origin and evolution
Earth's rotation (day/night) and revolution (seasons)
Coordinate system: Latitudes and longitudes
Time concepts: Standard time and International Date Line
Earth's Structure:
Interior layers (crust, mantle, core)
Wegner's theory of continental drift
Major rock types and characteristics
Geomorphology
Major Landforms: Mountains, plateaus, plains
Geomorphic Processes:
Weathering: Physical and chemical processes
Erosional landforms: Created by wind and river action
Depositional landforms: Created by wind and river deposition
Climatology
Atmospheric Composition and Structure
Climate Elements: Temperature, pressure, winds, precipitation
Insolation: Solar radiation and heat budget
Temperature Distribution: Vertical and horizontal patterns
Pressure and Wind Systems:
Global pressure belts
Planetary, seasonal, and local winds
Precipitation: Forms and types (convectional, orographic, cyclonic)
Biogeography
Global Biomes: Equatorial, tropical, temperate zones
Biodiversity and Conservation
Ecosystem Concepts: Structure and ecological balance
Oceanography and Hydrology
Ocean Floor Divisions: Continental shelf, slope, deep-sea plains, ocean deeps
Ocean Temperature and Salinity: Distribution patterns
Ocean Movements: Waves, tides, currents
Hydrological Cycle: Precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration
Natural Hazards: Floods, droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides
Global Warming: Causes and consequences
Disaster Management in India
Human Geography
Population: Growth factors, density, distribution
Human Activities: Primary, secondary, tertiary sectors
Resources: Classification and conservation
Agriculture:
Food crops: Rice, wheat
Non-food crops: Cotton, sugarcane
Plantation crops: Rubber, tea, coffee
Minerals and Industries:
Mineral types: Metallic (iron), non-metallic (bauxite), fuel minerals (coal, petroleum)
Industry location factors and types
Major industry categories: Agro-based, forest-based, mineral-based, chemical-based
Transportation:
Types: Roadways, railways, waterways, airways
Major ports and transportation networks
Indian Geography
Physical Features: Northern mountains, Indo-Gangetic plains, Peninsular plateau, coastal plains
River Systems:
Perennial: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra
Non-perennial: Narmada, Tapati, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Cauvery
Climate of India: Seasonal patterns of temperature, rainfall, pressure
Natural Vegetation: Types based on rainfall distribution
Soils: Formation factors, types, distribution
Population: Growth trends, distribution, density
Irrigation Systems: Canals, wells, tanks, multipurpose projects
Agriculture: Production and distribution of major crops
Minerals and Industries: Distribution and production patterns
Transportation: Infrastructure and major ports
Andhra Pradesh Geography: Location, physiography, climate, population
HISTORY
Introduction to History
Definition and Scope
Historiography: Methods of historical research
Historical Sources
Relationship with other Social Sciences
Impact of Geography on History
Relevance of History
Ancient Civilizations
Pre-Harappan Cultures
Harappan Civilization: Script, town planning, society, economy, culture
Vedic Age and Post-Vedic Culture
Early States and Empires
16 Mahajanapadas
Rise of Magadha
Early Economy and Agriculture
Urbanization
Early Societies and Religious Movements
Social Structures and Differences
Religious Movements: Jainism, Buddhism
Other Sects: Ajjivikas and Lokayats
Indian History (3rd-7th Century CE)
Major Dynasties: Mauryas, Kushanas, Guptas, Pushyabhuties
Origin of Feudalism
Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural Developments
Deccan and South India (to 8th Century CE)
Sangam Age
Major Dynasties: Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Rastrakutas, Cholas
Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural Patterns
Delhi Sultanate
Arab and Turkish Invasions
Delhi Sultanate Period
Traveler Accounts as Historical Sources
Political, Economic, Social, and Cultural Developments
Mughal Empire
Chronicles and Sources
Mughal Rulers: Babur to Aurangzeb
Administration and Culture
Disintegration and Rise of Marathas and Sikhs
Religious Movements (8th-16th Century CE)
Bhakti Tradition: Saints and teachings
Sufi Movement: Features and impact
Religious Traditions and Social Beliefs
Medieval Deccan and South India (8th-16th Century CE)
Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara, Bahamanis
Qutbshahis and Asafjahis
Colonial India
European Trading Companies: Portuguese, Dutch, French, English
East India Company: Expansion and policies
Governor Generals and Viceroys: Reforms and policies
1857 Rebellion
Indian National Movement
Socio-religious Movements
Rise of Nationalism
Major Movements: Vandemataram, Home Rule
Gandhian Era
Revolutionary Movement and Subhash Chandra Bose
Poona Pact and Quit India Movement
Partition and Independence
Modern World History
Renaissance and Scientific Revolution
Reformation Movement
Rise of Nation-States
Capitalism and Industrial Revolution
Revolutionary Movements: Glorious Revolution, French Revolution
Nationalist Movements: Napoleon, Unification of Germany and Italy
Socialist Movements and Working Class
Imperialism: Factors, methods, colonization of Africa and Asia
World Wars: Causes and consequences
Russian Revolution
Fascism, Nazism, and Militarism
Post-War World: Military blocks, nationalist movements, UNO
Cold War and Non-Alignment
Prominent World Personalities
CIVICS/POLITICAL SCIENCE
Fundamentals of Political Science
Meaning and Definition: Evolution of political science
Scope and Significance
State and Nation
State: Elements and relationship with other institutions
Nationalism: Meaning, forms, factors contributing to nationality
Core Political Concepts
Law: Meaning, types, relationship with morality, rule of law
Liberty and Equality: Types and safeguards
Rights and Responsibilities: Relationship and human rights
Justice: Forms and social justice
Citizenship: Acquisition methods, rights, duties
Democracy: Features, types, merits, future
Secularism: Western and Indian models
Forms of Government
Constitution: Features and classification
Government Types: Unitary, federal, parliamentary, presidential
Separation of Powers
Organs of Government
Indian Constitution
Historical Development: Government of India Acts
Features of Indian Constitution
Fundamental Rights and Duties
Directive Principles of State Policy
Union Government
Executive: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers
Parliament: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, functions and powers
Parliamentary Committees
Judiciary: Supreme Court, judicial review
State Government
Executive: Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers
Legislature: Assembly, Council, committees
Judiciary: High Court, District Courts
Federal Structure
Union-State Relations: Legislative, administrative, financial
Local Government
Rural: Panchayati Raj Institutions, 73rd Amendment
Urban: Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, 74th Amendment
District Administration
International Relations
India's Foreign Policy: Determinants and features
SAARC
United Nations: Origins, organs, achievements, failures
Contemporary Issues
Globalization
Terrorism
Corruption
ECONOMICS
Introduction to Economics
Definitions: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Lionel Robbins, Paul Samuelson, Jacob Viner
Concepts: Micro and macro economics, methods of analysis
Basic Economic Terms: Goods, wealth, utility, value, price, wants, welfare
Consumer Theory
Utility Approaches: Cardinal and ordinal utility
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Law of Equi-Marginal Utility
Indifference Curve Analysis
Demand Theory
Demand Function and Determinants
Law of Demand and Exceptions
Types of Demand: Price, income, cross demand
Elasticity of Demand: Types and measurement methods
Production Theory
Production Function and Factors
Laws of Returns: Variable proportions, returns to scale
Economies of Scale
Supply: Function, determinants, law
Cost Analysis: Fixed, variable, total, average, marginal
Revenue Analysis: Perfect and imperfect competition
Market Structures
Perfect Competition: Features and price determination
Monopoly: Price determination and discrimination
Monopolistic Competition
Oligopoly and Duopoly
Distribution Theory
Factor Pricing: Marginal productivity theory
Rent: Ricardian theory, modern theory, quasi-rent
Wages: Money and real wages
Interest: Gross and net interest
Profit: Gross and net profit
Macroeconomics
National Income: Definitions, measurement methods, problems
Employment Theories: Classical (Say's Law), Keynesian (Effective Demand)
Public Economics: Revenue, expenditure, debt, budget
Money and Banking
Money: Functions and types
Banking: Commercial and central banking functions
RBI Functions
Inflation: Types, causes, effects, remedies
Statistics for Economics
Diagrams: Bar and pie diagrams
Central Tendency: Mean, median, mode
Dispersion Measures
Correlation and Index Numbers
Economic Development
Growth vs. Development
Country Classification and Indicators
Characteristics of Developed and Developing Countries
Population and Human Resources
Demographic Transition Theory
Population Growth in India
Human Resource Development
Human Development Index
Indian Economy
National Income Trends
Income Distribution and Inequalities
Unemployment and Poverty
Microfinance
Agriculture in India
Features and Importance
Land Utilization and Cropping Patterns
Land Reforms and Green Revolution
Rural Credit and Marketing
Industrial Sector
Industrial Policies: 1948, 1956, 1991
National Manufacturing Policy
Foreign Direct Investment and SEZs
Small Scale Enterprises
Industrial Finance and Development
Tertiary Sector
Services Sector Importance
Infrastructure Development
Banking, Insurance, Tourism
Science and Technology
Software Industry
Planning and Economic Reforms
Five Year Plans
NITI Aayog
Regional Imbalances
Economic Reforms
GATT and WTO
Environmental Economics
Sustainable Development
Environmental-Economic Linkages
Andhra Pradesh Economy
Historical Development
Demographic and Economic Features
Sectoral Analysis: Agriculture, industry, services
Welfare Programs
These study notes cover the major topics from your syllabus. Each section summarizes key concepts that should be understood for a comprehensive grasp of the Social Studies curriculum from Class VI to Intermediate level.
100 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers
Geography
Which of the following is NOT a branch of Geography? a) Physical Geography b) Biological Geography c) Chemical Geography d) Human Geography
Answer: c) Chemical Geography
Which theory explains the movement of continents over time? a) Plate Tectonic Theory b) Wegner's Theory of Continental Drift c) Big Bang Theory d) Nebular Hypothesis
Answer: b) Wegner's Theory of Continental Drift
What are the movements of the earth called? a) Revolution and Rotation b) Circulation and Revolution c) Rotation and Circulation d) Precession and Rotation
Answer: a) Revolution and Rotation
Which of the following is NOT a major landform? a) Mountains b) Plateaus c) Rivers d) Plains
Answer: c) Rivers
Which type of rainfall occurs when air rises after being heated? a) Orographic b) Cyclonic c) Convectional d) Frontal
Answer: c) Convectional
What are the divisions of the ocean floor? a) Continental shelf, Continental slope, Deep Sea plains and Ocean deeps b) Continental margins, Ocean ridges, Ocean trenches c) Abyssal plains, Ocean ridges, Ocean valleys d) Continental shelf, Ocean plateau, Oceanic ridges
Answer: a) Continental shelf, Continental slope, Deep Sea plains and Ocean deeps
Which of the following is NOT an element of the hydrological cycle? a) Precipitation b) Evaporation c) Erosion d) Infiltration
Answer: c) Erosion
Which of the following is a non-perennial river in India? a) Indus b) Ganges c) Godavari d) Brahmaputra
Answer: c) Godavari
Which of the following is a primary activity? a) Manufacturing b) Agriculture c) Transportation d) Communication
Answer: b) Agriculture
Which of the following is a plantation crop? a) Rice b) Wheat c) Rubber d) Sugarcane
Answer: c) Rubber
History
What is the name of the script used in Harappan Civilization? a) Brahmi b) Indus Script c) Kharosthi d) Sanskrit
Answer: b) Indus Script
Which of the following is NOT one of the 16 Mahajanapadas? a) Magadha b) Kashi c) Harappa d) Kosala
Answer: c) Harappa
Who was the founder of Buddhism? a) Mahavira b) Gautama Buddha c) Chandragupta Maurya d) Ashoka
Answer: b) Gautama Buddha
During which period did feudalism originate in India? a) Maurya period b) Gupta period c) 3rd to 7th Century A.D. d) Sangam Age
Answer: c) 3rd to 7th Century A.D.
Which dynasty ruled in South India during the Sangam age? a) Mauryas b) Satavahanas c) Guptas d) Kushanas
Answer: b) Satavahanas
Who among the following was NOT a Mughal emperor? a) Babur b) Humayun c) Shershah d) Iltutmish
Answer: d) Iltutmish
The 1857 revolt is also known as: a) First War of Independence b) Sepoy Mutiny c) Both a and b d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b
Who was associated with the Bhakti Movement? a) Akbar b) Kabir c) Ashoka d) Gandhi
Answer: b) Kabir
Which of the following was NOT a governor-general of British India? a) Warren Hastings b) Lord Cornwallis c) Lord Dalhousie d) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: d) Mahatma Gandhi
The Quit India Movement was launched in which year? a) 1930 b) 1940 c) 1942 d) 1947
Answer: c) 1942
Civics/Political Science
Which of the following is NOT an element of the State? a) Population b) Territory c) Government d) Religion
Answer: d) Religion
The concept of "Rule of Law" means: a) Law is supreme b) Everyone is equal before law c) No one is above the law d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a type of liberty? a) Natural b) Civil c) Political d) Administrative
Answer: d) Administrative
What is the meaning of "Secularism" in the Indian context? a) Anti-religious b) Equal respect for all religions c) Freedom from religion d) State has no religion
Answer: b) Equal respect for all religions
Which of the following is NOT a method of acquiring citizenship? a) Birth b) Descent c) Naturalization d) Education
Answer: d) Education
The President of India is elected by: a) Direct election by people b) Indirect election by electoral college c) Appointed by Prime Minister d) Appointed by Chief Justice of India
Answer: b) Indirect election by electoral college
The Lok Sabha is also known as: a) Council of States b) House of the People c) Upper House d) Council of Ministers
Answer: b) House of the People
Who appoints the Governor of a state? a) Chief Minister b) President of India c) Prime Minister d) Chief Justice of High Court
Answer: b) President of India
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act deals with: a) Urban Local Government b) Rural Local Government c) Union-State Relations d) Fundamental Rights
Answer: b) Rural Local Government
SAARC stands for: a) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation b) South Asian Agreement for Regional Collaboration c) South Asian Alliance for Regional Coordination d) South Asian Association for Regional Communication
Answer: a) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Economics
Who defined Economics as "Science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses"? a) Adam Smith b) Alfred Marshall c) Lionel Robbins d) Paul Samuelson
Answer: c) Lionel Robbins
The law of Diminishing Marginal Utility explains: a) As more units of a good are consumed, the utility from each additional unit increases b) As more units of a good are consumed, the utility from each additional unit decreases c) As more units of a good are consumed, the utility remains constant d) None of the above
Answer: b) As more units of a good are consumed, the utility from each additional unit decreases
The law of demand states that: a) Price and quantity demanded are directly related b) Price and quantity demanded are inversely related c) Price and quantity supplied are inversely related d) Price and quantity supplied are directly related
Answer: b) Price and quantity demanded are inversely related
Which of the following is NOT a method of measuring price elasticity of demand? a) Point Method b) Arc Method c) Total Outlay Method d) Marginal Utility Method
Answer: d) Marginal Utility Method
The law of variable proportions is associated with: a) Long-run production function b) Short-run production function c) Both a and b d) None of the above
Answer: b) Short-run production function
Perfect competition is characterized by: a) Single seller b) Few sellers c) Large number of sellers and buyers d) Product differentiation
Answer: c) Large number of sellers and buyers
The Ricardian theory is associated with: a) Wages b) Rent c) Interest d) Profit
Answer: b) Rent
Which of the following is NOT a method of measuring National Income? a) Census of Product Method b) Census of Income Method c) Census of Expenditure Method d) Census of Population Method
Answer: d) Census of Population Method
Who propounded the "Law of Markets"? a) J.B. Say b) Adam Smith c) J.M. Keynes d) David Ricardo
Answer: a) J.B. Say
Inflation means: a) General decrease in price level b) General increase in price level c) Stability in price level d) None of the above
Answer: b) General increase in price level
General Questions
Diversity on the Earth includes: a) Only physical features b) Only biological features c) Physical, biological, and social diversity d) Only social diversity
Answer: c) Physical, biological, and social diversity
Latitudes and Longitudes are used for: a) Measuring ocean depth b) Measuring mountain height c) Locating places on Earth d) Measuring atmosphere
Answer: c) Locating places on Earth
Which of the following is a non-conventional power resource? a) Coal b) Natural Gas c) Solar Energy d) Petroleum
Answer: c) Solar Energy
Human Development Index (HDI) was developed by: a) World Bank b) UNDP c) IMF d) WTO
Answer: b) UNDP
Which of the following is NOT a component of Environment? a) Lithosphere b) Hydrosphere c) Atmosphere d) Technosphere
Answer: d) Technosphere
Forests in AP are characterized by: a) Only evergreen forests b) Only deciduous forests c) Different types of forests d) No forests
Answer: c) Different types of forests
Podu cultivation is associated with: a) Shifting cultivation b) Permanent cultivation c) Plantation cultivation d) Intensive cultivation
Answer: a) Shifting cultivation
Which of the following is NOT a conventional symbol used in maps? a) Blue color for water bodies b) Brown color for contours c) Red color for settlements d) Yellow color for vegetation
Answer: d) Yellow color for vegetation
The Constitution of India was adopted on: a) 15th August 1947 b) 26th January 1950 c) 26th November 1949 d) 2nd October 1948
Answer: c) 26th November 1949
Which Article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability? a) Article 14 b) Article 15 c) Article 17 d) Article 21
Answer: c) Article 17
Green Revolution in India is associated with: a) Forestry b) High-yielding varieties of wheat and rice c) Growing green vegetables d) Environmental conservation
Answer: b) High-yielding varieties of wheat and rice
The monsoon season in India is characterized by: a) Hot and dry weather b) Cold and dry weather c) Hot and humid weather with rainfall d) Cold and humid weather
Answer: c) Hot and humid weather with rainfall
Which of the following rivers originates in the Himalayas? a) Narmada b) Tapati c) Ganges d) Cauvery
Answer: c) Ganges
Biodiversity refers to: a) Different types of biological species in an area b) Different types of ecosystems c) Genetic diversity within species d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
The concept of "Sustainable Development" aims at: a) Maximum economic development b) Environmental conservation only c) Meeting present needs without compromising future d) Rapid industrialization
Answer: c) Meeting present needs without compromising future
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental right in India? a) Right to Equality b) Right to Freedom c) Right to Property d) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Answer: c) Right to Property
The Indus Valley Civilization existed during: a) 2500-1500 BCE b) 1500-500 BCE c) 500 BCE-500 CE d) 500-1500 CE
Answer: a) 2500-1500 BCE
Who was the first Governor-General of Independent India? a) Lord Mountbatten b) C. Rajagopalachari c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: b) C. Rajagopalachari
The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1991 is associated with: a) Liberalization b) Nationalization c) Privatization d) Both a and c
Answer: d) Both a and c
Who among the following is known as the "Father of Indian Constitution"? a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Which of the following is a feature of the Parliamentary form of government? a) Separation of powers b) Fusion of powers c) Fixed tenure of the executive d) President as the head of government
Answer: b) Fusion of powers
Nazism was associated with: a) Italy b) Germany c) Japan d) Russia
Answer: b) Germany
The French Revolution took place in: a) 1689 b) 1789 c) 1889 d) 1989
Answer: b) 1789
The Industrial Revolution first began in: a) France b) Germany c) England d) United States
Answer: c) England
The Russian Revolution occurred in: a) 1905 b) 1915 c) 1917 d) 1925
Answer: c) 1917
The Cold War was a period of tension between: a) US and USSR b) US and UK c) USSR and China d) US and Japan
Answer: a) US and USSR
Which organization replaced the League of Nations? a) United Nations Organization b) World Trade Organization c) International Monetary Fund d) World Bank
Answer: a) United Nations Organization
The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by: a) Warren Hastings b) Lord Wellesley c) Lord Dalhousie d) Lord Curzon
Answer: c) Lord Dalhousie
Who led the Blue Rebellion? a) Jhansi Rani b) Tantia Tope c) Indian Indigo farmers d) Mangal Pandey
Answer: c) Indian Indigo farmers
The Dandi March was led by: a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Mahatma Gandhi c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel d) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: b) Mahatma Gandhi
NITI Aayog replaced: a) Finance Commission b) Planning Commission c) National Development Council d) Election Commission
Answer: b) Planning Commission
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are established for: a) Promoting exports b) Promoting imports c) Agricultural development d) Rural development
Answer: a) Promoting exports
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range
Answer: d) Range
The Lorenz Curve is used to measure: a) Income inequality b) Population growth c) Price elasticity d) National income
Answer: a) Income inequality
Who propounded the theory of Demographic Transition? a) Adam Smith b) Warren Thompson c) Thomas Malthus d) Karl Marx
Answer: b) Warren Thompson
What type of forest is found in areas with heavy rainfall throughout the year? a) Deciduous forest b) Evergreen forest c) Scrub forest d) Thorny forest
Answer: b) Evergreen forest
The equator is represented by which latitude? a) 0° b) 90° North c) 90° South d) 180°
Answer: a) 0°
Which of the following is NOT a Climatic Control? a) Latitude b) Altitude c) Distance from sea d) Population
Answer: d) Population
Which of the following is a factor of soil formation? a) Parent material b) Time c) Climate d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is: a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Helium
Answer: c) Nitrogen
Ocean salinity is measured in: a) Parts per thousand b) Parts per million c) Percentage d) Grams per liter
Answer: a) Parts per thousand
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing temperature distribution? a) Latitude b) Altitude c) Population density d) Ocean currents
Answer: c) Population density
The Second Five Year Plan in India focused on: a) Agriculture b) Heavy industries c) Education d) Health
Answer: b) Heavy industries
J.M. Keynes is associated with: a) Theory of Effective Demand b) Law of Markets c) Theory of Comparative Advantage d) Quantity Theory of Money
Answer: a) Theory of Effective Demand
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to: a) Investment by foreigners in stock market b) Investment by foreign governments c) Investment by foreign companies in physical assets d) Foreign aid
Answer: c) Investment by foreign companies in physical assets
The main function of the Reserve Bank of India is: a) Accepting deposits from public b) Lending to public c) Monetary policy management d) Providing insurance
Answer: c) Monetary policy management
Census in India is conducted every: a) 5 years b) 10 years c) 15 years d) 20 years
Answer: b) 10 years
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Budget? a) Revenue receipts b) Capital receipts c) Revenue expenditure d) Market expenditure
Answer: d) Market expenditure
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act deals with: a) Rural Local Government b) Urban Local Government c) Union-State Relations d) Fundamental Rights
Answer: b) Urban Local Government
The Supreme Court of India consists of: a) Chief Justice and 30 judges b) Chief Justice and 33 judges c) Chief Justice and 25 judges d) Chief Justice and 22 judges
Answer: b) Chief Justice and 33 judges
Which of the following periods is known as the Vedic Age? a) 2500-1500 BCE b) 1500-600 BCE c) 600 BCE-200 BCE d) 200 BCE-300 CE
Answer: b) 1500-600 BCE
Birsa Munda led a tribal revolt against: a) Portuguese b) French c) British d) Dutch
Answer: c) British
RTI stands for: a) Right to Information b) Right to Inquiry c) Right to Investigation d) Right to Inspection
Answer: a) Right to Information
Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty in the Indian Constitution? a) To respect the National Flag and National Anthem b) To protect and improve the natural environment c) To vote in elections d) To develop scientific temper
Answer: c) To vote in elections
The 1905 revolution took place in: a) France b) Russia c) Germany d) Japan
Answer: b) Russia
Which of the following is a biome found in the Equatorial zone? a) Tundra b) Tropical rainforest c) Taiga d) Temperate grassland
Answer: b) Tropical rainforest
Which of the following is an iron and steel plant in India? a) Bhilai b) Bokaro c) Rourkela d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
The Munro System was associated with: a) Education b) Land revenue c) Military d) Administration
Answer: b) Land revenue
The Paris Commune was established in: a) 1848 b) 1871 c) 1889 d) 1905
Answer: b) 1871
Which of the following is the main crop of Andhra Pradesh? a) Rice b) Wheat c) Bajra d) Maize
Answer: a) Rice